Overview

Excerpt
The MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini parameter file stores values for the parameters that are needed to run the CLASS portion of MESH. It is very similar to the "INI" configuration file used by the RUNCLASS ("standalone CLASS") program.

The first four lines of this file contain header information. The next 15 lines are repeated for each GRU and contain parameter and initialization values for each of these GRUs. The last line to be read from the file contains the start of the meteorological input files.

Consult the Parameters Selection page for more information about specific parameters and recommended parameter values.

Info
See this R script to generate this and other parameter files, as well as template files for OSTRICH, from parameter values stored in an Excel file (e.g. for keeping track of parameter sources and justification).

This page contains the following sections:

Table of Contents

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Sample File

Download a sample MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini file.

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title	Sample: MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini

  TestFile                                                                01 TITLE
  M.A. Mekonnen                                                           02 NAME
  NWRI in Saskatoon                                                       03 PLACE
     51.53   -106.25     40.00     40.00     50.00   -1.0    1    2    2  04 DEGLAT/DEGLON/ZRFM/ZRFH/ZBLD/GC/ILW/NL/NM
   0.000   0.000   0.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   3.500  05 5xFCAN/4xLAMX
   0.000   0.000   0.000  -2.500   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   3.500  06 5xLNZ0/4xLAMN
   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.055   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   2.000  07 5xALVC/4xCMAS
   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.325   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   1.200  08 5xALIC/4xROOT
   0.000   0.000   0.000 100.000           0.000   0.000   0.000  30.000  09 4xRSMN/4xQA50
   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.500           0.000   0.000   0.000   1.000  10 4xVPDA/4xVPDB
   0.000   0.000   0.000 100.000           0.000   0.000   0.000   5.000  11 4xPSGA/4xPSGB
   1.000   4.100   1.000 50.0000                                          12 DRN/SDEP/FARE/DD
  0.0300   0.010   0.020 0.00150       1                                  13 XSLP/XDRAINH/MANN/KSAT/MID
     70.00     70.00     70.00                                            14 3xSAND
     30.00     30.00     30.00                                            15 3xCLAY
      0.00      0.00      0.00                                            16 3xORGM
      5.00      5.00      5.00      5.00      0.00      5.00              17 3xTBAR/TCAN/TSNO/TPND
     0.200     0.200     0.200     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000    18 3xTHLQ/3xTHIC/ZPND
    0.0000    0.0000      0.00     0.200   100.000     1.000              19 RCAN/SCAN/SNO/ALBS/RHOS/GRO
   0.000   0.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   4.000   0.000  05 5xFCAN/4xLAMX
   0.000   0.000  -2.500   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000  06 5xLNZ0/4xLAMN
   0.000   0.000   0.060   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   3.000   0.000  07 5xALVC/4xCMAS
   0.000   0.000   0.360   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   1.500   0.000  08 5xALIC/4xROOT
   0.000   0.000  85.000   0.000           0.000   0.000  30.000   0.000  09 4xRSMN/4xQA50
   0.000   0.000   0.500   0.000           0.000   0.000   1.000   0.000  10 4xVPDA/4xVPDB
   0.000   0.000 100.000   0.000           0.000   0.000   5.000   0.000  11 4xPSGA/4xPSGB
   1.000   4.100   1.000 50.0000                                          12 DRN/SDEP/FARE/DD
  0.0300   0.010   0.020 0.00150       2                                  13 XSLP/XDRAINH/MANN/KSAT/MID
     70.00     70.00     70.00                                            14 3xSAND
     30.00     30.00     30.00                                            15 3xCLAY
      1.00      1.00      0.47                                            16 3xORGM
      5.00      2.00      0.00      5.00      0.00      5.00              17 3xTBAR/TCAN/TSNO/TPND
     0.200     0.200     0.200     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000    18 3xTHLQ/3xTHIC/ZPND
    0.0000    0.0000      0.00     0.200   100.000     1.000              19 RCAN/SCAN/SNO/ALBS/RHOS/GRO
       243       365       243       365         0         0              20 (not used, but 4x integer values are required)
      2005      2005      2005      2005         0         0              21 (not used, but 4x integer values are required)
         0         0       243      2005                                  22 IHOUR/IMINS/IJDAY/IYEAR
123456789*123456789*123456789*123456789*123456789*123456789*123456789*12

Header Information

Header information is stored in the first four lines of the file.

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title	Sample: Header Information in MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini

  TestFile                                                                01 TITLE
  M.A. Mekonnen                                                           02 NAME
  NWRI in Saskatoon                                                       03 PLACE
     51.53   -106.25     40.00     40.00     50.00   -1.0    1    2    2  04 DEGLAT/DEGLON/ZRFM/ZRFH/ZBLD/GC/ILW/NL/NM

Line	Columns	Variable	Format	Type	Description	Units
1	1-6	TITLE	2x, 6a4	Char	Characters to identify the model run	--
2	1-6	NAME	2x, 6a4	Char	Characters to identify to researcher by name	--
3	1-6	PLACE	2x, 6a4	Char	Characters to identify authority or institution of the research or researcher	--
4	1	DEGLAT	*	Real	Latitude of the site or grid-cell in degrees	deg
	2	DEGLON	*	Real	Longitude of the site or grid-cell in degrees	deg
	3	ZRFM	*	Real	Reference height (measurement height) for wind speed	m
	4	ZRFH	*	Real	Reference height (measurement height) for temperature and humidity	m
	5	ZBLD	*	Real	Height into the atmosphere for aggregating surface roughness (usually in the order of 50-100 m)	m
	6	GC	*	Real	Ground cover flag; set to -1.0 if the GRUs in the file represent a "land surface"	--
	7	ILW	*	Int	Set to 1 (See the note on ILW below)	--
	8	NL	*	Int	Number of grid-cells in the basin; this number must match the total number of grid-cells in MESH_drainage_database.r2c, ":TotalNumOfGrids"	--
	9	NM	*	Int	Number of GRUs in the basin, and represented in the file; this number must match the total number of GRUs not accounting for the extra "dummy" class in MESH_drainage_database.r2c, ((":ClassCount"-1))	--

Notes:
Format=* denotes free-formatting; all values are to be separated by one or more spaces.

Info

ILW was used in versions of CLASS prior to 3.4. If ILW was set to 1, the longwave meteorological forcing field represented total incoming radiation (as is the case now). However, ILW could be set to 2 to allow the field to represent net longwave radiation, which overrides the calculation of outgoing longwave radiation in TSOLVE and TSOLVC. ILW has no effect in MESH or in CLASS versions of 3.4 and later.

For compatibility with existing MESH_parameter_CLASS.ini files, the value is still expected and read from the file but stored in a dummy variable. Set ILW to 1.

GRU Parameter Values

Parameter values representative of the GRU are listed in the first 12 lines of the GRU block.

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title	Sample: GRU Parameters in MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini

   0.000   0.000   0.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   3.500  05 5xFCAN/4xLAMX
   0.000   0.000   0.000  -2.500   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   3.500  06 5xLNZ0/4xLAMN
   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.055   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   2.000  07 5xALVC/4xCMAS
   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.325   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   1.200  08 5xALIC/4xROOT
   0.000   0.000   0.000 100.000           0.000   0.000   0.000  30.000  09 4xRSMN/4xQA50
   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.500           0.000   0.000   0.000   1.000  10 4xVPDA/4xVPDB
   0.000   0.000   0.000 100.000           0.000   0.000   0.000   5.000  11 4xPSGA/4xPSGB
   1.000   4.100   1.000 50.0000                                          12 DRN/SDEP/FARE/DD
  0.0300   0.010   0.020 0.00150       1                                  13 XSLP/XDRAINH/MANN/KSAT/MID
     70.00     70.00     70.00                                            14 3xSAND
     30.00     30.00     30.00                                            15 3xCLAY
      0.00      0.00      0.00                                            16 3xORGM

Section

Vegetation Parameters

Vegetation parameters are listed in the first seven lines of the GRU block.

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title	Sample: Vegetation Parameters in MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini

   0.000   0.000   0.000   1.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   3.500  05 5xFCAN/4xLAMX
   0.000   0.000   0.000  -2.500   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   3.500  06 5xLNZ0/4xLAMN
   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.055   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   2.000  07 5xALVC/4xCMAS
   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.325   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.000   1.200  08 5xALIC/4xROOT
   0.000   0.000   0.000 100.000           0.000   0.000   0.000  30.000  09 4xRSMN/4xQA50
   0.000   0.000   0.000   0.500           0.000   0.000   0.000   1.000  10 4xVPDA/4xVPDB
   0.000   0.000   0.000 100.000           0.000   0.000   0.000   5.000  11 4xPSGA/4xPSGB

Each of the vegetation parameters contains four or five values that correspond to four pre-defined vegetation categories and one additional type of land cover for barren soils. Only four of the vegetation parameters contain a fifth value for barren soil.

The canopy types are listed below. They are listed in the same order as they are indexed for each of the vegetation parameters. These indices also correspond to the indexing of the vegetation categories in the CLASS Lookup Tables.

Code	Canopy Type
1	Needleleaf trees
2	Broadleaf trees
3	Crops
4	Grass
5	Urban, barren land, or impervious areas

Line	Columns	Variable	Canopy Types	Format	Type	Description	Units
5	1-5	FCAN	1-5	*	Real	Annual maximum fraction of the grid-cell occupied by vegetation category or land cover	--
5	6-9	LAMX	1-4	*	Real	Annual maximum leaf-area index of the vegetation category	--
6	1-5	LNZ0	1-5	*	Real	Natural logarithm of the roughness length of the vegetation category or land cover	--
6	6-9	LAMN	1-4**	*	Real	Annual minimum leaf-area index of the vegetation category **Note: LAMN has no effect in the CLASS default calculation of plant area index for the grass vegetation canopy type (4). The growth index for grass (GROWG) is constant (1.0) and PAI is always calculated as the maximum leaf-area index (LAMX)	--
7	1-5	ALVC	1-5	*	Real	Average visible albedo of the vegetation category when fully-leafed or of the land cover	--
7	6-9	CMAS	1-4	*	Real	Annual maximum canopy mass of the vegetation category	kg m^-2
8	1-5	ALIC	1-5	*	Real	Average near-infrared albedo of the vegetation category when fully-leafed or of the land cover	--
8	6-9	ROOT	1-4	*	Real	Annual maximum rooting depth of the vegetation category	m
9	1-4	RSMN	1-4	*	Real	Minimum stomatal resistance of the vegetation category	s m^-1
9	5-8	QA50	1-4	*	Real	Reference value of shortwave radiation used in the calculation of the stomatal resistance of the vegetation category	W m^-2
10	1-4	VPDA	1-4	*	Real	Vapor pressure deficit coefficient 'A' used in the calculation of the stomatal resistance of the vegetation category	--
10	5-8	VPDB	1-4	*	Real	Vapor pressure deficit coefficient 'B' used in the calculation of the stomatal resistance of the vegetation category	--
11	1-4	PSGA	1-4	*	Real	Soil moisture suction coefficient 'A' used in the calculation of the stomatal resistance of the vegetation category	--
11	5-8	PSGB	1-4	*	Real	Soil moisture suction coefficient 'B' used in the calculation of the stomatal resistance of the vegetation category	--

Notes:
Values in the "Canopy Types" column correspond to the "Code" of the canopy types listed above.
Format=* denotes free-formatting; all values are to be separated by one or more spaces.

Note

title	Using FCAN to activate the Canopy Type

FCAN is the first parameter in the section. It controls what canopy types are active. If FCAN > 0.0 for a particular canopy type, then a value must exist in the corresponding index for the other 13 parameters. If a value exists for a particular canopy type, for which FCAN = 0.0, then that value is ignored.

For example, if FCAN(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = (0.0, 0.0, 1.0, 0.0, 0.0); then ROOT(3) must have a value. However, ROOT(2) can be zero. If ROOT(2) has a value, the value is ignored because FCAN(2) = 0.0.

Note

title	Using a single Canopy Type per GRU

It is sometimes suggested to parameterize each GRU with only one active land cover. Using this approach, various land covers can instead be parameterized using multiple GRUs. To do this, set FCAN = 1.0 for the desired canopy type and set all other values of FCAN in the GRU to zero.

Section

Surface Parameters

Surface parameters are listed in Lines 8-9 of the GRU block, among the hydraulic parameters.

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title	Sample: Hydraulic Parameters in MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini

   1.000   4.100   1.000 50.0000                                          12 DRN/SDEP/FARE/DD
  0.0300   0.010   0.020 0.00150       1                                  13 XSLP/XDRAINH/MANN/KSAT/MID

Line	Column	Variable	Format	Type	Description	Units
12	3	FARE	*	Real	Active fraction of the grid cell; this value is derived from MESH_drainage_database.r2c and can be set to 1.0	--
13	5	MID	*	Int	Set the mosaic tile ID > 0	--

Notes:
Format=* denotes free-formatting; all values are to be separated by one or more spaces.

Note

title	Depreciation of GRU-based FARE

The value of FARE from this file is no longer used. The value is instead derived from MESH_drainage_database.r2c.

Warning

title	MID or the Mosaic ID

Many users use the mosaic ID as an identifier in a file that contains the parameterizations of multiple GRUs. It helps organize the file and keep track of where one GRU parameterization ends and the next begins. However, the mosaic ID is an active parameter in the model that identifies whether the GRU represents land or water. If the GRU has been parameterized to represent a land cover, then the mosaic ID must be greater than zero.

Section

Hydraulic Parameters

Hydraulic parameters of the soil are listed in Lines 8-9 of the GRU block.

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title	Sample: Hydraulic Parameters in MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini

   1.000   4.100   1.000 50.0000                                          12 DRN/SDEP/FARE/DD
  0.0300   0.010   0.020 0.00150       1                                  13 XSLP/XDRAINH/MANN/KSAT/MID

Warning

title	Controlling Hydraulic Parameters with IWF

Not all hydraulic parameters are active in certain configurations of the model; for example, those tied to WATROF. Certain hydraulic parameters are tied to the state of the IWF control flag.

Line	Column	Variable	IWF	Format	Type	Description	Units
12	1	DRN, XDRAIN	0, 1, 2	*	Real	Drainage index controls if water is allowed to seep from the bottom of the soil column, analogous to the fractional sizing of a hole at the bottom of a bucket. A value of zero allows no water to seep from the bottom of the soil column, such that water leaves the soil only as interflow, overland flow, or by evapotranspiration. If there is sufficient water in the column, a value of 1.0 additionally allows this water to leave as baseflow (or leakage contributing to baseflow). A fraction between zero and 1.0 can be used to allow only a partial contribution of this water to baseflow.	--
	2	SDEP	--	*	Real	Permeable depth of the soil column	m
	3	FARE	--	*	Real	(See the section on Surface Parameters)	--
	4	DD, DDEN	1	*	Real	Estimated drainage density of the GRU	km km^-2
13	1	XSLP, XSLOPE	1	*	Real	Estimated average slope of the GRU (Referred to as Λ in Notes on Interflow)	--
	2	GRKF, XD, XDRAINH	1	*	Real	The fractional change in horizontal conductivity 1 metre below the soil surface. The value of this parameter is between 0 and 1. For example, if the lateral surface saturated hydraulic conductivity is 1 m/s and the lateral sub-surface hydraulic conductivity is 1 cm/s at a depth of 1m below the surface, then this parameter is 1/100 = 0.01.	--
	3	MANN, MANNING_N	1	*	Real	Manning's 'n'	s m^-1/3
	4	WFCI, KS, KSAT	1	*	Real	Saturated surface soil conductivity (Referred to as Ks in Notes on Interflow)	m s^-1
	5	MID	--	*	Int	(See the section on Surface Parameters)	--

Notes:
Values of IWF correspond to the IWF control flag.
Format=* denotes free-formatting; all values are to be separated by one or more spaces.

Note

title	WATROF Variable Names

Multiple variable names are listed if more than one name for the variable exists, either in code, external references, or in other documentation.

Section

Soil Texture Parameters

Soil texture parameters are listed in Lines 10-12 of the GRU block.

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title	Sample: Soil Texture Parameters in MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini

     70.00     70.00     70.00                                            14 3xSAND (or more)
     30.00     30.00     30.00                                            15 3xCLAY (or more)
      0.00      0.00      0.00                                            16 3xORGM (or more)

Soil texture parameters are used in the derivation of hydraulic parameters to calculate drainage when IWF is 0 or 2. They are also used in this way to calculate the baseflow component of runoff when IWF is 1.

Line	Column	Variable	Format	Type	Description	Units
14	1-3^{^}	SAND	*	Real	Percent content of sand in the mineral soil	%
15	1-3^{^}	CLAY	*	Real	Percent content of clay in the mineral soil	%
16	1-3^{^}	ORGM	*	Real	Percent content of organic matter in the mineral soil	%

Notes:^{^}Values for more than three soil layers can exist if the NRSOILAYEREADFLAG control flag has been enabled.
Format=* denotes free-formatting; all values are to be separated by one or more spaces.

Note

title	Sum of the SAND, CLAY, and ORGM Components

The components of SAND, CLAY, and ORGM do not necessarily sum to 100. The amount leftover from the sum of SAND and CLAY is assumed to be SILT.

Note

title	ORGM

ORGM is not a part of the soil triangle. Thus, the sum of SAND, CLAY, and ORGM can be > 100 if the soil contains no silt, but contains some organic matter. ORGM should be no more than a few percent.

Note

title	Using SAND and ORGM for Organic Soils

For completely organic soils, set SAND = -2.0 and CLAY = 0.0. Set ORGM to one of 1.0, 2.0, or 3.0, if the texture of the peat is febric, hemic, or sapric.

Note

title	Using SAND for Rock Layers

For soil layers that consist of rock, set SAND = -3.0.

Note

title	Using SAND for Continental Ice Sheets

If the soil layer is part of a continental ice sheet, set SAND = -4.0.

Section

Initial Prognostic Values

Initial values of prognostic variables of the GRU are listed in the last three lines of the GRU block.

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title	Sample: Initialization of Prognostic Values in MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini

      5.00      5.00      5.00      5.00      0.00      5.00              17 3xTBAR (or more)/TCAN/TSNO/TPND
     0.200     0.200     0.200     0.000     0.000     0.000     0.000    18 3xTHLQ (or more)/3xTHIC (or more)/ZPND
    0.0000    0.0000      0.00     0.200   100.000     1.000              19 RCAN/SCAN/SNO/ALBS/RHOS/GRO

Line	Column	Variable	Format	Type	Description	Units
17	1-3^{^}	TBAR	*	Real	Temperature of the soil layer	deg C
	4	TCAN	*	Real	Air temperature of the canopy	deg C
	5	TSNO	*	Real	Temperature of the snow mass present on the ground surface; 0.0 if no such mass exists	deg C
	6	TPND	*	Real	Temperature of the liquid water stored on the ground surface; 0.0 if no such storage exists	deg C
18	1-3^{^}	THLQ	*	Real	Volumetric liquid water content stored in the soil	m³ m^-3
	4-6^{^}	THIC	*	Real	Volumetric frozen water content stored in the soil	m³ m^-3
	7	ZPND	*	Real	Depth of liquid water stored on the ground surface	m
19	1	RCAN	*	Real	Liquid water component of precipitation held on the vegetation canopy	kg m^-2
	2	SCAN	*	Real	Frozen water component of precipitation held on the vegetation canopy	kg m^-2
	3	SNO	*	Real	Snow mass present on the ground surface	kg m^-2
	4	ALBS	*	Real	Albedo of the snow mass present on the ground surface; 0.0 is no such mass exists	--
	5	RHOS	*	Real	Density of the snow mass present on the ground surface; 0.0 if no such mass exists	kg m^-3
	6	GRO	*	Real	Set to 0.0 before leaf-out; 1.0 when fully-leafed; or estimate the growth index with a fraction if in between	--

Notes:^{^}Values for more than three soil layers can exist if the NRSOILAYEREADFLAG control flag has been enabled.
Format=* denotes free-formatting; all values are to be separated by one or more spaces.

Warning

title	Initialization of Snow Variables

A persistent bias might be observed in the results of the simulation if the prognostic variables for snow have not been properly initialized. To avoid this scenario, the simulation should begin during a period of snow-free conditions, such that SNO, TSNO, ALBS, and RHOS are all set to zero.

Note

title	Initial Frozen and Liquid Water Contents of the Soil

It is best to initialize THLQ and THIC with smaller values. For mineral soils, the minimum value that THLQ can be is 0.04; the minimum value that THIC can be is zero. If SAND = -3.0 or -4.0 (the GRU represents a rock or ice sheet layer), then both THLQ and THIC should be set to zero.

Tip

title	Initializing Storage

If the initialization of these variables results in a very large storage, a spike might be observed in runoff into the first few days of the simulation. Revising the initialization of these variables can resolve this. If this initial spike continues to be observed after revising these variables, the METRICSSPINUP control flag can be used to exclude the first few days of the simulation from the calculation of metrics if autocalibration has been enabled.

Note that long-term biases could be introduced to the simulation if realistic values are not used to initialize the prognostic variables.

Dates

A few dates are listed in the last three lines of the file. Values in the first two of these three lines are not used; however, they are still required to be included in the file.

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title	Sample: Dates in MESH_parameters_CLASS.ini

       243       365       243       365                                  20 (not used, but 4x integer values are required)
      2005      2005      2005      2005                                  21 (not used, but 4x integer values are required)
         0         0       243      2005                                  22 IHOUR/IMINS/IJDAY/IYEAR

Warning

title	Meteorological Start Date

The meteorological start date is the last line of this section. This date must match the date of the first record in all of the meteorological input files.

Line	Column	Variable	Format	Type	Description	Units
20	1	JOUT1	*	Int	(See note); set to any integer number (e.g., 0)	--
	2	JOUT2	*	Int	(See note); set to any integer number (e.g., 0)	--
	3	JAV1	*	Int	(See note); set to any integer number (e.g., 0)	--
	4	JAV2	*	Int	(See note); set to any integer number (e.g., 0)	--
21	1	KOUT1	*	Int	(See note); set to any integer number (e.g., 0)	--
	2	KOUT2	*	Int	(See note); set to any integer number (e.g., 0)	--
	3	KAV1	*	Int	(See note); set to any integer number (e.g., 0)	--
	4	KAV2	*	Int	(See note); set to any integer number (e.g., 0)	--
22	1	IHOUR	*	Int	Hour of the first record of data in the meteorological input files; 0 is the first hour of the day	--
	2	IMINS	*	Int	Time-step of the first record of data in the meteorological input files; set to 0 for the first half-hour of the hour; set to 30 for the second half-hour of the hour	--
	3	IJDAY	*	Int	Day of year of the first record of data in the meteorological input files; 1 is the first day of the year	--
	4	IYEAR	*	Int	Year of the first record of data in the meteorological input files; the year must be in the full YYYY format	--

Notes:
Format=* denotes free-formatting; all values are to be separated by one or more spaces.

Note

title	Unused parameters for CLASS output

JOUT1, JOUT2, JAV1, JAV2, KOUT1, KOUT2, KAV1, and KAV2 are values that are required in the file but are not used. Any integer number can be set as the value for these variables.

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